Words, names, numbers, symbols, signs, rules of grammar and diction, and punctuation Laws, regulations, judicial opinions, and legislative reports Scientific and other research methodologies, statistical techniques, and educational processes Scientific principles, theorems, formulae, and natural laws government works (although foreign government and state government works may indeed be protected, as may works funded but not produced by the federal government) copyright protection, and thus also in the public domain:
Keep in mind that certain work are ineligible for U.S. Published 1978-present: Work likely not yet in the public domain. (Remember, copyright is usually life of the author + 70 years). If it was published with a © notice, but no registration renewal was ever filed, it is in the public domain. Published 1923-1977: I f the work was published without a © notice, it is in the public domain. Published prior to 1923: Work is in the public domain. For more detailed inquiries, we recommend using Cornell's chart, Copyright Term and the Public Domain in the United States, in combination with the Stanford Copyright Renewal Database. 
How can you figure out whether copyright has expired? The UC has provided helpful general rules of thumb in its Public Domain guide.
Copyright Expiration for U.S.-Published Works. Public domain works are open for use with no permission needed. Just because material is online, however, does not mean it's in the "public domain." Public domain instead refers to works for which copyright protections have expired, or works that were ineligible for protection.
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